GOVT EXAM COMPLETE MASTER GUIDE
Indian Polity: 50 Most Repeated Articles & Amendments [PDF]
Complete, exhaustive list of the 50 most asked Articles of the Indian Constitution in SSC CGL, CHSL, Railway, and State PCS exams.
18 Min Read • 100% Complete 50 Articles List
Part 1: Union, Citizenship & Equality (Articles 1 to 10)
| Article Number | Subject Matter & Provision | Exam Significance |
|---|---|---|
| Article 1 | Name and territory of the Union ("India, that is Bharat, shall be a Union of States") | Core Definition |
| Article 3 | Formation of new States and alteration of areas, boundaries, or names of existing States | Parliament Power |
| Article 5 | Citizenship at the commencement of the Constitution | Part II Citizenship |
| Article 11 | Parliament to regulate the right of citizenship by law | Citizenship Act 1955 |
| Article 14 | Equality before Law and Equal Protection of Laws | Fundamental Right |
| Article 15 | Prohibition of discrimination on grounds of religion, race, caste, sex, or place of birth | Social Equality |
| Article 16 | Equality of opportunity in matters of public employment | Govt Employment |
| Article 17 | Abolition of Untouchability and prohibition of its practice in any form | 🔥 Repeated 25+ Times |
| Article 18 | Abolition of Titles (Except military and academic distinctions) | Titles Abolition |
| Article 19 | Protection of 6 fundamental freedoms (Speech, Assembly, Association, Movement, Residence, Profession) | 🔥 6 Freedoms |
Part 2: Life, Liberty, Education & DPSP (Articles 11 to 20)
| Article Number | Subject Matter & Provision | Exam Significance |
|---|---|---|
| Article 20 | Protection in respect of conviction for offenses (No double jeopardy, self-incrimination) | Emergency Protected |
| Article 21 | Protection of Life and Personal Liberty | 🔥 Repeated 30+ Times |
| Article 21A | Right to Free & Compulsory Elementary Education (6 to 14 years) | 86th Amendment 2002 |
| Article 23 | Prohibition of traffic in human beings and forced labor (Begar) | Anti-Exploitation |
| Article 24 | Prohibition of employment of children below 14 years in factories/hazardous jobs | Child Protection |
| Article 25 | Freedom of conscience and free profession, practice, and propagation of religion | Religious Freedom |
| Article 30 | Right of minorities to establish and administer educational institutions | Minority Rights |
| Article 32 | Right to Constitutional Remedies (5 Writs: Habeas Corpus, Mandamus, Certiorari, Prohibition, Quo-Warranto) | 🔥 Heart & Soul of Constitution |
| Article 40 | Organization of Village Panchayats | DPSP Gandhian |
| Article 44 | Uniform Civil Code (UCC) for all citizens throughout India | 🔥 High Trend Topic |
Part 3: Executive, President, PM & Duties (Articles 21 to 30)
| Article Number | Subject Matter & Provision | Exam Significance |
|---|---|---|
| Article 48A | Protection and improvement of environment and safeguarding of forests and wildlife | 42nd Amendment 1976 |
| Article 50 | Separation of Judiciary from Executive in public services | DPSP Separation |
| Article 51A | Fundamental Duties (11 Duties of Citizens) | Swaran Singh Committee |
| Article 52 | The President of India (Executive Head of State) | Part V Union Head |
| Article 54 | Election of the President (Electoral College: Elected MPs & MLAs) | President Election |
| Article 60 | Oath or affirmation by the President (Administered by CJI) | Presidential Oath |
| Article 61 | Procedure for Impeachment of the President | 🔥 Special 2/3rd Majority |
| Article 63 | The Vice-President of India (Ex-officio Chairman of Rajya Sabha under Art 64) | Rajya Sabha Chairman |
| Article 72 | Power of President to grant pardons, reprieves, respites, or remissions of punishment | 🔥 Pardoning Power |
| Article 74 | Council of Ministers with Prime Minister as Head to aid and advise President | Cabinet System |
Part 4: Parliament, Attorney General, Courts & Governors (Articles 31 to 40)
| Article Number | Subject Matter & Provision | Exam Significance |
|---|---|---|
| Article 76 | Attorney General for India (Highest Law Officer of Govt of India) | Highest Law Officer |
| Article 79 | Constitution of Parliament (President + Rajya Sabha + Lok Sabha) | Parliament Union |
| Article 108 | Joint Sitting of both Houses of Parliament (Summoned by President, Chaired by Speaker) | 🔥 Joint Session |
| Article 110 | Definition of "Money Bill" (Certified exclusively by Speaker of Lok Sabha) | 🔥 Money Bill |
| Article 112 | Annual Financial Statement ("Union Budget") | Union Budget |
| Article 123 | Power of President to promulgate Ordinances during recess of Parliament | 🔥 Ordinance Power |
| Article 124 | Establishment and constitution of the Supreme Court of India | Supreme Court |
| Article 129 | Supreme Court to be a Court of Record (Power to punish for contempt) | Court of Record |
| Article 143 | Power of President to consult Supreme Court (Advisory Jurisdiction) | Advisory SC |
| Article 148 | Comptroller and Auditor-General of India (CAG - "Guardian of Public Purse") | 🔥 CAG Audit |
Part 5: Governors, Bodies, Emergency & Amendments (Articles 41 to 50)
| Article Number | Subject Matter & Provision | Exam Significance |
|---|---|---|
| Article 153 | Governors of States | State Executive |
| Article 213 | Power of Governor to promulgate Ordinances | State Ordinance |
| Article 226 | Power of High Courts to issue Writs | High Court Writs |
| Article 280 | Finance Commission of India (Constituted every 5 years by President) | 🔥 Finance Commission |
| Article 300A | Right to Property (Legal Right under 44th Amendment 1978) | Legal Right 300A |
| Article 324 | Superintendence, direction, and control of elections vested in Election Commission | 🔥 Election Commission |
| Article 352 | National Emergency (War, External Aggression, Armed Rebellion) | 🔥 National Emergency |
| Article 356 | President's Rule in States (Breakdown of Constitutional Machinery) | 🔥 State Emergency |
| Article 360 | Financial Emergency (Never imposed in India so far) | Financial Emergency |
| Article 368 | Power of Parliament to amend the Constitution and procedure therefor | 🔥 Amendment Power |
Landmark Constitutional Amendments Cheat Table
| Amendment | Year | Key Significance & Provisions |
|---|---|---|
| 1st Amendment | 1951 | Added 9th Schedule to protect land reform laws from judicial review. |
| 7th Amendment | 1956 | Reorganization of states on linguistic basis (14 States & 6 UTs). |
| 42nd Amendment | 1976 | "Mini-Constitution" — Added Socialist, Secular, Integrity to Preamble & Fundamental Duties. |
| 44th Amendment | 1978 | Removed Right to Property from Fundamental Rights (Art 300A); replaced Internal Disturbance with Armed Rebellion. |
| 52nd Amendment | 1985 | Anti-Defection Law (Added 10th Schedule to Constitution). |
| 61st Amendment | 1988 | Reduced voting age from 21 years to 18 years for Lok Sabha & Assemblies. |
| 73rd Amendment | 1992 | Panchayati Raj System (Added Part IX & 11th Schedule). |
| 74th Amendment | 1992 | Municipalities (Added Part IXA & 12th Schedule). |
| 86th Amendment | 2002 | Right to Education (Article 21A & 11th Fundamental Duty). |
| 101st Amendment | 2016 | Goods and Services Tax (GST) introduced. |
Practice PYQs
Q1. Which Article of the Indian Constitution empowers the President to issue Ordinances during Parliament recess?
A) Article 123 B) Article 213 C) Article 72 D) Article 143
View Solution
Answer: A (Article 123)
Article 123 empowers the President, while Article 213 empowers the State Governor.